Working principle of motors

How does the motor work?
The working principle of the motor is based on the law of electromagnetic induction and the law of electromagnetic force, which mainly converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. There are two basic forms of motors: generators and motors. Generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, while motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.

Working principle of motors
The motor generates a rotating magnetic field through the energized coil (stator winding), which acts on the rotor (such as a squirrel cage closed aluminum frame) to form a magnetic electrodynamic rotation torque. Motors are divided into DC motors and AC motors according to the power supply used. Most motors in power systems are AC motors, which can be synchronous motors or asynchronous motors (the speed of the motor stator magnetic field does not keep the same speed as the rotor rotation speed). The motor is mainly composed of a stator and a rotor. The direction of the force movement of the energized wire in the magnetic field is related to the direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic flux line. Its working principle is that the magnetic field acts on the force of the current to make the motor rotate.

Principle of generator
The generator absorbs mechanical power through the mechanical system and converts it into electrical energy. The operating principle of the generator is opposite to that of the motor. It drives the rotor inside the generator to rotate through mechanical energy, and then generates current in the stator to realize the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Basic structure of the motor
The basic structure of the motor includes the stator and the rotor. The stator is the component that establishes the excitation magnetic field, and the rotor is the induced component that induces electromotive force and flows the working current. There is an air gap between the stator and the rotor to allow the rotor to rotate. The electromagnetic torque is generated by the interaction between the excitation magnetic field in the air gap and the magnetic field established by the current in the induced component.

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